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- <text id=93TT0501>
- <title>
- Nov. 15, 1993: How To Protect Yourself
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Nov. 15, 1993 A Christian In Winter:Billy Graham
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 86
- How To Protect Yourself
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Is your water safe? The company or municipal authority that
- supplies it is required by federal law to give you an analysis
- and disclose any violation of health standards. But even if
- you can trust the company, the report won't tell you what happens
- to the water in the dank recesses of your own plumbing system.
- The only way to know precisely what's coming out of your tap
- is to have your water tested. The EPA's Safe Drinking-Water
- Hotline (800-426-4791) offers names of testing laboratories
- in individual states. The hot line can also answer technical
- and health questions such as "How much cryptosporidium is too
- much?"
- </p>
- <p> Special mail-order labs can help as well. They send you empty
- bottles and instructions; you ship back samples and receive
- a detailed analysis. Two particularly reliable labs are Suburban
- Water Testing Laboratories (800-433-6595) and National Testing
- Laboratories (800-458-3330). Prices range from $25 for a simple
- test for lead to $178 for the works, including screening for
- bacteria, nitrate, lead and PCB levels.
- </p>
- <p> What if the lab raises the red flag? Let's take lead as an example,
- since it's one of the most common problems. Too much lead (more
- than 15 parts per billion) tends to show up in older, turn-of-the-century
- houses with lead pipes and in homes where lead solder has been
- used to join and repair plumbing. Lead solder was banned in
- 1986, but it is still around in older pipes.
- </p>
- <p> The longer water sits in the system, the more lead it absorbs.
- So let the water run for at least two minutes, until it is cold
- to the touch, before using it. That way you're using water from
- the main lines under the street, which do not contain lead.
- (Apartment dwellers can't do this if their building's plumbing
- system is huge). Don't cook with water coming from the hot water
- tap; it draws more lead from pipes than cold water does.
- </p>
- <p> If you're dissatisfied with your municipal water supply, you
- can always buy bottled water. But it is not always free of contaminants
- either (even Perrier had that little problem with the chemical
- benzene). Look for a seal of approval from NSF International,
- an Ann Arbor, Michigan, company that certifies bottled water
- as safe. Unfortunately, NSF does not analyze all brands.
- </p>
- <p> Another option is to buy one of the many filters or other water-purifying
- devices on the market. Be sure to choose one that specifically
- removes the toxins turning up in your water. Carbon filters,
- for example, are good at purging organic compounds, such as
- pesticides and solvents, but they will not remove minerals or
- most heavy metals. And one of the more elaborate devices, a
- distiller, is excellent at taking away heavy metals but is not
- effective against chloroform and benzene.
- </p>
- <p> Before investing in a treatment device, which ranges from $30
- for a simple filter to $850 for a reverse-osmosis system, check
- that it is certified effective by NSF. Above all, remember that
- home devices need plenty of maintenance. If they are not cleaned
- or their filters are not replaced regularly, they put back into
- your water the very pollutants they removed, and they wind up
- a health hazard themselves.
- </p>
- <p> By Janice M. Horowitz
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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